Urban vibrancy emerges from the complex interplay between individuals and public spaces. Recognizing the importance of capturing people's experience and perception of streetscape and network configurations, this study investigates the relationship between human-scale street design and urban vibrancy in four Chinese metropolises: Nanjing, Wuhan, Xi'an, and Shenyang.  Utilizing a bottom-up metric framework with street view images and spatial design network analysis, this study assesses human-scale street design across five dimensions: reachability, betweenness, detours, aesthetics, and disorder.  Multiscale geographically weighted regression is employed to examine how these design metrics spatially affect urban vibrancy during daytime and nighttime. The findings reveal the efficacy of enhancing street closeness and optimizing green spaces in promoting urban vibrancy. It further identifies mitigating strategies for reversing declines in urban vibrancy, such as addressing physical disorder and reducing street network severance. Additional analysis using geographical detector explores the interactive effects of these elements, emphasizing the necessity of a comprehensive approach to urban planning. The comparative analysis across multiple cities amplifies the generalizability of the findings, offering actionable insights for adaptable, vibrancy-oriented urban planning.

urban vibrancy,human scale,street design,spatial heterogeneity,temporal diversity